Lao-Tzu
Lao Tzu's view of government are optimistic and enthusiastic. He believes government's purpose is to give people the opportunity to prosper. His operation of office is basically live and let live, letting people do as they choose. That inaction largely eradicates financial problems, immoral behavior, fear, greed, among other things. The master should put themselves below the people, leading by example. The master should put themselves at the center of the circle while the world spins around them. He should stay out of the public eye, taking action when needed, so that people do the tasks mostly on their own. Essentially keeping with the Tao involves doing nothing so that it accomplishes everything.
Machiavelli
Machiavelli's views of government is that of a cynical and fearful leader. The prince's purpose for him is to maintain power, giving no regard to the welfare of the people. His leadership is that of an oppressive tyrant focusing solely on keeping office. His principals revolve mostly around a military basis. You must focus constantly on war and preparation for war. Heavy focus should be put on keeping people in line using fear, for if they get to much freedom they will revolt against you. He did not advise on generosity but instead supported being miserly so that you can fulfill responsibilities. His leadership is much more direct than Lao-Tzu's but many would say that it is much more practical as well.
